The architecture of ancient Ephesus spans a broad timeline, from the Hellenistic period to the Roman and Byzantine eras, leaving behind a rich and diverse architectural heritage. These structures reflect Ephesus’s evolution as a significant cultural, religious, and commercial center throughout history. The architecture of Ephesus is evident in areas such as city planning, public buildings, religious structures, residential areas, and infrastructure systems.

City Planning:

Ephesus is an excellent example of advanced city planning in antiquity. The city was built according to a grid plan, with wide streets and alleys arranged in an orderly fashion. This layout made the city easy to navigate and accessible. One of the central thoroughfares, Curetes Street, connected the city’s most important public buildings and temples.

Public Buildings and Theaters:

Among the architectural marvels of Ephesus are prominent public buildings such as the Great Theater, the Library of Celsus, the Temple of Serapis, and the Fountain of Trajan. These structures played a central role in the city’s cultural and social life.

•The Great Theater: One of Ephesus’s most impressive structures, the Great Theater had a seating capacity of approximately 25,000 people. It was used for both theatrical performances and gladiatorial combats.

•The Library of Celsus: Built in the 2nd century CE, the Library of Celsus is considered the second-largest library of the ancient world. The facade of the structure showcases the refinement and grandeur of Roman architecture.